This was from my Newsletter Wise Words on Writing in 2005. I've updated it a bit. It is another way to think about your characters with or without the survey.
THEORY
When I was working in marketing, I found a marketing tool called,
VALS, Values and Life styles. It "explains the relationship between
personality traits and consumer behavior. VALS uses psychology to
analyze the dynamics underlying consumer preferences and choices. VALS
not only distinguishes differences in motivation, it also captures the
psychological and material constraints on consumer behavior. "
The VALS survey can be found at http://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/presurvey.shtml
While I was working on a creative writing degree at Glamorgan University in Wales, I needed a research component about my writing, and I used their survey to categorize my characters by answering the questions as each of my characters would. It helped me keep them in character by reaffirming that the traits I ascribed to them were consistent.
The survey is also interesting in
judging our own character. I should add that some of the questions have an American slant to them but that does not negate it. I took the test in the mid 90s five years after leaving the U.S. I took it 27 years later and came out with the same results.
Admittedly, there is an American
slant to it, but some aspects of human behavior transcend geographical
borders. It is another way to think about the people we create.
The groups are as follows:
Innovators are "successful, sophisticated, take-charge people with high self-esteem. Because
they
have such abundant resources, they exhibit all three primary
motivations in varying degrees. They are change leaders and are the most
receptive to new ideas and technologies. Innovators are very active
consumers, and their purchases reflect cultivated tastes for upscale,
niche products and services. Image is important to Innovators, not as
evidence of status or power but as an expression of their taste,
independence, and personality. "
Thinkers "are
motivated by ideals. They are mature, satisfied, comfortable, and
reflective people who value order, knowledge, and responsibility. They
tend to be well educated and actively seek out information in the
decision-making process. They are well-informed about world and national
events and are alert to opportunities to broaden their knowledge.
Thinkers have a moderate respect for the status quo institutions of
authority and social decorum, but are open to consider new ideas."
Achievers
are "motivated by the desire for achievement, Achievers have
goal-oriented lifestyles and a deep commitment to career and family.
Their social lives reflect this focus and are structured around family,
their place of worship, and work. Achievers live conventional lives, are
politically conservative, and respect authority and the status quo.
They value consensus, predictability, and stability over risk, intimacy,
and self-discovery."
Experiencers are
"motivated by self-expression. As young, enthusiastic, and impulsive
consumers, experiencers quickly become enthusiastic about new
possibilities but are equally quick to cool. They seek variety and
excitement, savoring the new, the offbeat, and the risky. Their energy
finds an outlet in exercise, sports, outdoor recreation, and social
activities."
Believers "are motivated by ideals. They are
conservative, conventional people with concrete beliefs based on
traditional, established codes: family, religion, community, and the
nation. Many Believers express moral codes that are deeply rooted and
literally interpreted. They follow established routines, organized in
large part around home, family, community, and social or religious
organizations to which they belong."
Strivers
"are trendy and fun loving. Because they are motivated by achievement,
Strivers are concerned about the opinions and approval of others. Money
defines success for Strivers, who don't have enough of it to meet their
desires. They favor stylish products that emulate the purchases of
people with greater material wealth. Many see themselves as having a job
rather than a career, and a lack of skills and focus often prevents
them from moving ahead."
Makers "are motivated by self-expression.
They express themselves and experience the world by working on
it-building a house, raising children, fixing a car, or canning
vegetables-and have enough skill and energy to carry out their projects
successfully. Makers are practical people who have constructive skills
and value self-sufficiency. They live within a traditional context of
family, practical work, and physical recreation and have little interest
in what lies outside that context. Makers are suspicious of new ideas
and large institutions such as big business. They are respectful of
government authority and organized labor, but resentful of government
intrusion on individual rights. They are unimpressed by material
possessions other than those with a practical or functional purpose."
Survivors
"live narrowly focused lives. With few resources with which to cope,
they often believe that the world is changing too quickly. They are
comfortable with the familiar and are primarily concerned with safety
and security. Because they must focus on meeting needs rather than
fulfilling desires, Survivors do not show a strong primary motivation."
All quoted material is from the company site that developed VALS.
EXAMPLE
Daisy
had a job running a food bank. Though this might not seem like suitable
work for a newly minted Harvard cum laude, Daisy saw it as a natural
progression from the soup kitchen where she and Henry had volunteered as
undergraduates and where her heart had leaped at the tenderness with
which he had placed bowls of minestrone into scabbed and trembling
hands.
(Notes: From HOST FAMILY by Mameve Medwed. Notice how much
information is crammed into this paragraph. We learn where she went to
school, which carried many social and intellectual connotations. We see
she doesn't follow the crowd and look for top dollar in a job. We see
what attracted her to her husband, as well as her sensitivity to those
around her. I ran Daisy through the VALS test and her primary
personality if a Thinker and her secondary is an Achiever.)
EXERCISE
Take one of your favorite characters in fiction and run them through the VALS suvery.
Take one of your own characters and run them through the VALS survey.
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